An above elbow prosthesis can help you regain movement and independence after an upper limb amputation.
This guide breaks down the different types and components of above elbow prostheses. You'll also learn about rehabilitation and maintenance, so you can make an informed choice and get the most out of your prosthetic arm.
Key Takeaways
- Above elbow prosthesis comes in different types, including body-powered and myoelectric. Each type offers unique benefits, depending on functionality, appearance, and ease of use.
- Key components, such as sockets, suspension systems, terminal devices, and wrist units, play a crucial role in usability.
- Proper rehabilitation and maintenance are essential for comfort and durability.
What is the Above Below Prosthesis
An above elbow prosthesis replaces the missing part of your upper arm, helping you regain movement and function.
This type of prosthesis is common for those who have had an above-elbow or transhumeral amputations due to accidents, medical conditions, or congenital limb differences.
Choosing the right prosthesis depends on your lifestyle, needs, and preferences. But here are the types to guide you.
Types of Above Elbow Prostheses
There are several types of prosthetic arms for above elbow amputation—body-powered, myoelectric, hybrid, passive, and activity-specific systems. Each type comes with its strengths and limitations, and the choice depends on you.
Body Powered Prostheses
The simplicity and durability of body-powered transhumeral prosthesis have earned them recognition. These prostheses use a harness and cable system controlled by your body movements.
They are durable and give some sensory feedback, which helps with control and are ideal for physically demanding and repetitive tasks.
However, they require more effort to use and may not look as natural as other options.
Myoelectric (Externally Powered) Prostheses
Myoelectric prostheses, also called externally powered arms, use electrical signals from your muscles to control movement.
Electrodes on your skin detect muscle contractions, sending signals to small motors powered by rechargeable batteries. This process reduces muscle strain compared to body-powered prostheses and allows precise and natural movements.
Myoelectric prostheses provide increased grip strength and better adaptation to daily tasks. However, they are complex to use and can be expensive.
Hybrid Prostheses
Hybrid prosthetic arms combine body-powered and myoelectric systems, offering strength and control.
They provide the durability and feedback of body-powered devices while allowing simultaneous control of multiple components and improving functionality.
This option provides a balance between function and appearance, making it a practical and cosmetically appealing choice.
Passive Prostheses
Passive prostheses are designed primarily for appearance rather than function. They resemble a real arm with hands and fingers, making them a good option if you prioritize a natural look.
Some models are made from custom silicone, shaped and painted to closely match a real arm. These prostheses can be positioned in different ways, making them useful for social settings where appearance matters.
Although they don’t offer active movement, they are lightweight and still practical. They provide a stable surface for carrying or holding items, adding functional support to daily activities.
Activity-Specific Prostheses
Activity-specific prostheses are customized for specific tasks like sports, work, or hobbies. A prosthetist can help design one to match your needs, adjusting how it moves, what it holds, and how much weight it can support.
These prosthetic arms make it easier to use specialized tools, operate machines, or stay active.
They are also interchangeable, allowing you to switch between different prostheses for different activities throughout the day—one for work, another for hobbies, and another for home use.
However, while they are specific functional prosthetics, they may not be practical for daily tasks.
Components of an Above Elbow Prosthesis
An above elbow prosthesis is made up of several components, each designed to provide comfort, stability, and function. The right combination depends on your needs, lifestyle, and budget.
- Socket – The socket is the part that connects your residual limb to the prosthesis. Its design directly impacts comfort and function.
- Suspension Systems – The suspension system keeps the prosthesis in place. Options include suction, self-suspending, and harness-based systems, each offering different benefits.
- Elbow Mechanism – The elbow joint determines how the arm moves. Some models lock into place for stability, while others allow free movement or myoelectric control for more natural motion.
- Wrist Unit – The wrist can be manually adjusted, cable-powered, or externally powered, depending on the prosthesis type. Its main role is to support the function of the hand or terminal device, making movements more natural and efficient.
- Terminal Devices – The terminal device is the most critical part of the prosthesis, as it replaces the arm’s grasping function. These devices are controlled by nylon cords that transfer tension from shoulder movements, allowing users to grasp objects effectively.
Types of Grips
Terminal devices can provide five different grip types, each suited for specific tasks:
- Precision Grip – Uses the index finger and thumb to pick up small objects, like grains of rice.
- Tripod Grip – Uses the thumb, index, and middle fingers, similar to holding a pencil.
- Lateral Grip – Uses the thumb and side of the index finger, helpful for turning objects like a key.
- Hook Power Grip – Bends the fingers while keeping the thumb straight, ideal for holding a briefcase handle.
- Spherical Grip – Bends the tips of the fingers and thumb, useful for grasping round objects like doorknobs.
These grip variations allow users to perform daily and specialized tasks with independence and control.
Rehabilitation and Training
Adjusting to an above elbow prosthesis takes time, patience, and practice. Here are key factors to consider when adapting to upper extremity prosthetics:
- Physical therapy helps strengthen muscles and improve control.
- Training sessions teach you how to use the prosthesis for daily activities.
- Psychological support is essential for emotional adjustment and confidence.
While above elbow prostheses continue to improve, challenges like phantom limb pain or residual limb pain and high costs remain significant concerns.
Above Elbow Prosthesis Care and Maintenance
Ensuring the longevity and comfort of your prosthesis hinges on its proper care and maintenance. From cleaning and skincare to regular check-ups and adjustments, every step contributes to ensuring your prosthetic arm remains in optimal condition.
Cleaning and Skincare
Maintaining healthy skin is paramount while using an above elbow prosthetic arm. Regular cleansing with mild soap and inspection of the skin for signs of pressure or poor socket fit can prevent irritation and discomfort.
Regular Check-ups and Adjustments
Keeping your prosthetic arm in optimal condition necessitates regular check-ups and adjustments.
Periodic evaluations of the prosthesis fit, function, and overall performance can help detect any issues early and ensure any necessary modifications are made promptly.
Frequently Asked Questions
What do we call a prosthesis that replaces an arm above the elbow?
A prosthesis that replaces an arm above the elbow is called a transhumeral prosthesis. It connects to the body above the elbow but below the shoulder.
What is the use of above elbow prosthesis?
Above elbow prostheses are used to replace an amputated arm at or above the elbow, typically after trauma, cancer, or other medical conditions. They help individuals regain function and mobility after such amputations.
What is an elbow prosthesis?
An elbow prosthesis is an artificial joint used to replace damaged bones in the elbow. It consists of two metal stems connected by a metal and plastic hinge, allowing the joint to bend.
