Are you considering getting knee replacement surgery? It could be the solution to reclaim your mobility and live without constant pain holding you back.

Whether you're dealing with arthritis or knee injuries, this guide will help you navigate the steps toward improved joint health. Let’s explore how this life-changing procedure works, what to expect, and how to ensure a smooth recovery.

How Does Knee Replacement Works

Knee replacement, or knee arthroplasty, is a procedure in which damaged parts of the knee joint are replaced with artificial components.

These artificial devices are designed to replicate the function of a healthy knee, restoring mobility and relieving knee pain.

This surgery is commonly recommended for people with severe arthritis or knee injuries that limit daily activities and reduce quality of life.

Types of Knee Implants

When your knee pain no longer responds to other treatments, knee replacement surgery might be your best option. Surgeons will recommend either a total or partial replacement based on how much of your knee is damaged.

Total Knee Replacement

Total Knee Replacement is the most common option for people with widespread knee damage.

It involves replacing all three areas of your knee joint—the inside, outside, and the area under your kneecap with artificial components made of metal and plastic. Sometimes, the kneecap is also covered with a plastic button for added protection.

Knee replacement surgeons reshape the ends of the thigh bone (femur) and shinbone (tibia), which give you the ability to move and stand, and insert artificial components.

Sometimes, your surgeon might use advanced techniques, like robotic-assisted surgery or computer navigation, but these are typically reserved for specific situations.

Your surgeon will recommend the best approach based on your condition.

Partial Knee Replacement

In cases where only one or two parts of the knee are damaged, a partial replacement might be the better option. It’s typically recommended for younger adults with limited damage or injuries.

Instead of replacing the whole joint, the surgeon focuses on resurfacing that particular area and leaving healthy parts untouched.

This procedure is sometimes referred to as a “uni-compartmental” or “UNI” replacement. Your doctor will work with you to decide if this is a suitable choice for you.

How to Prepare for Knee Replacement Surgery

The preparations are just as important as the knee replacement procedure. Your healthcare team will guide you through what to do before surgery to make sure everything goes smoothly.

Here are some things to keep in mind so you can be ready before your knee replacement surgery:

• Let your healthcare provider know about any medications or supplements you take. Some might need to be paused before surgery to avoid any complications.
• You may be asked to avoid eating or drinking 12 hours before your surgery.
• Expect a physical exam and tests, like bloodwork and heart checks, to make sure you’re healthy enough for surgery.
• Your doctor may order imaging tests, such as X-rays or MRIs, to get a clear look at your knee.
• Get your home ready for recovery. Think about organizing help for daily tasks, keeping frequently used items within easy reach, and stocking your freezer with meals.

Following these instructions carefully helps reduce risks and ensures a safer surgery day.

How to Recover After Knee Replacement Surgery

Recovering from partial or total knee replacement surgery takes time and patience. Following your recovery plan, including managing pain and making lifestyle adjustments, will help you heal faster and regain mobility.

Pain Management Strategies

In addition to medications, several non-drug approaches can help ease pain:

• Apply cold packs for about 20 minutes to relieve swelling and numb pain.
• Relaxation techniques like meditation or frequent breathing exercises to reduce stress.
• Elevate your knee, propping it above heart level using cushions or pillows can help ease discomfort and reduce swelling.
• Avoid standing for long periods, as it can cause swelling in your ankles.

If you feel like the pain is too intense or you’re worried about side effects from medications, let your doctor know. They’ll adjust your treatment plan to make you more comfortable.

Preventing Blood Clots

The risk of blood clots is higher after surgery, but there are several ways to reduce it:

• You’ll be encouraged to sit up and start walking with crutches or a walker shortly after surgery to keep your blood flowing.
• Use elastic stockings or inflatable air sleeves to apply gentle pressure to your legs, preventing blood from pooling in your veins.
• Your surgeon may prescribe blood-thinning medications, either pills or injections, to lower the risk of clots. These may be needed for a few weeks, depending on how active you are after surgery.
• Stand up and move around for five minutes each hour to reduce the risk of blood clots.

Physical therapy will continue at home or in a clinic to strengthen your new knee and maintain healthy circulation.

Physical Therapy Considerations

Physical therapy plays a critical role in your recovery. It reduces pain, improves knee function, and helps prevent scar tissue formation.

You’ll start working with a physical therapist soon after surgery. They’ll help you safely perform movements like bending your knee, standing, and walking.

Therapy typically starts shortly after surgery and gradually increases in intensity over several weeks.

Recovery exercises are essential to build muscle strength and regain range of motion. Stick to the schedule your therapist provides to make sure your joint heals well.

Home and Lifestyle Adjustments

Your recovery will be smoother if you prepare your home before surgery. Make adjustments to ensure safety and reduce strain on your new knee:

• Use a shower chair or bench to avoid standing for long periods while bathing.
• Install grab bars or use a commode chair to make getting on and off the toilet easier.
• Remove tripping hazards like loose rugs, carpets, and power cords.
• Ensure handrails along any stairs are secure.

You’ll likely need help with everyday activities like bathing, cooking, and cleaning for the first few weeks after surgery. Arrange for a loved one to assist you, or ask your healthcare provider about local resources if help isn’t available.

Additional Tips

Taking small steps can make a big difference in your recovery. Here are a few tips to keep in mind:

• Follow your home exercise routine to strengthen your knee and regain function.
• Wait at least six weeks to drive after a total knee replacement or three weeks for a partial replacement, but confirm with your doctor that it's safe to do so.
• Avoid crossing your legs for the first six weeks.
• Refrain from kneeling on your new knee until your doctor approves.
• Avoid heavy household chores, like lifting or vacuuming, during the first three months.

Recovering from knee replacement surgery takes time, but sticking to your recovery plan will help you get back to your daily routine. With patience and care, you’ll regain strength and enjoy better mobility in the long run.

Potential Complications and How to Avoid Them

Despite the potential relief knee replacement surgery can provide, it does carry some potential complications. These can include prosthesis loosening, knee joint stiffness, blood clots, and the possibility of nerve damage or infection.

However, there are several measures patients can take to mitigate the risk of these complications following knee replacement surgery. These include:

• Early mobilization to prevent blood clots.
• Keep your incision clean and covered, following your surgeon’s instructions to avoid infection.
• A diet rich in fiber and fluids can help your body heal and prevent constipation caused by medications.
• Follow your physical therapist’s guidance to safely increase your activity level and improve your knee’s strength and flexibility.

While most people recover without major issues, it's important to recognize the signs of complications. Contact your healthcare provider immediately if you notice any of the following:

• Chest pain or difficulty breathing.
• Fever over 101°F (39°C).
• Bleeding or signs of infection at the surgery site, such as swelling, redness, warmth, or an unusual odor.
• Increasing pain in your calf, ankle, or foot may be a sign of a blood clot.
• Severe pain that doesn’t improve with medication.

Paying attention to these symptoms can help catch complications early and ensure timely treatment. Taking proactive steps in your recovery will improve your chances of a successful outcome.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the recovery time for a knee replacement?

Generally, knee replacement recovery takes 3-6 weeks after surgery.

How long does a knee replacement last?

A knee replacement can provide long-lasting relief and improved mobility. For most people, the joint replacement functions well for 10 to 15 years, with many lasting up to 20 years. However, the parts may loosen or wear out over time, potentially requiring another surgery.

Which conditions require a knee replacement?

Knee replacement is often recommended for severe pain, stiffness, or mobility issues caused by osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or other types of arthritis. It may also be needed after a bone fracture or when knee joints develop abnormally, leading to long-term damage.

Can I return to normal activities after knee joint replacement surgery?

Yes, most people return to daily activities within 6 to 12 weeks. However, high-impact sports or activities such as running, jumping, and jogging should be avoided to protect the implant.

You can engage in low-impact activities like walking, cycling, or swimming, which are gentle on your knee and support recovery.