A myoelectric prosthesis could be the life-changing solution you've been searching for yourself or someone you care about.

This article explores how these advanced devices integrate with the human body and the innovations enhancing their functionality. Understanding how they work, their benefits, and how to prepare can help you decide if it is the right upper limb prosthetics option for your needs.

What is a Myoelectric Prosthesis

A myoelectric prosthesis is primarily used as an upper limb prosthetic device and relies on muscle signals to control movement. These devices detect the natural electrical activity in your muscles to operate components like hands, wrists, or elbows.

Sensors in the prosthetic socket pick up electrical signals from your muscles when you engage them intentionally. These signals are sent to a controller, which converts them into commands for the electric motors, enabling joint movement.

If your muscle signals are too weak, alternative control methods like switches or touchpads can be used.

Types of Myoelectric Prostheses

Myoelectric prostheses come in different types to meet your needs. These upper limb prostheses are designed to provide varying levels of functionality and versatility, depending on your preferences and daily activities.

1. Single-Grip Devices: These devices are designed for basic functions, such as opening and closing in a single grip position. Depending on your needs, this can be a hand or a hook. Hands are typically used for lighter tasks, while hooks are preferred for heavier or messier functions due to their durability and precision.
2. Multi-Grip Devices: These advanced prostheses offer multiple grip patterns, closely mimicking natural hand movements. They feature rotating thumbs and flexible fingers to adapt to various tasks, making them ideal if you need more versatility in your daily activities.
3. Hybrid Prostheses: Hybrid systems merge myoelectric and body-powered prosthesis components for enhanced functionality. They might include a myoelectric-controlled hand and wrist, combined with a body-powered elbow operated using cables and shoulder movements. This combination is particularly beneficial if you need control over multiple joints while maintaining simplicity in design.

Benefits of Myoelectric Prostheses

Myoelectric prosthetic hands, wrists, or elbows have transformed the lives of numerous individuals.

It enables them to:

• Regain their independence
• Engage in daily activities
• Improve their self-esteem and quality of life
• Increase strength and grip ability
• Eliminate the need for straps or harnesses common in older prosthetics

Challenges of Myoelectric Prostheses

While myoelectric prostheses offer remarkable functionality, they come with certain challenges that users should consider. Understanding these can help manage expectations and prepare for daily use.

• It can be expensive.
• The device’s weight may feel tiring initially, especially during extended use.
• Batteries may need frequent charging.
• It requires regular maintenance.

Despite these challenges, innovations are continuously being made to address them and enhance the functionality of a myoelectric controlled prosthesis.

Innovations in Myoelectric Prosthesis Research

Myoelectric prosthesis research is driven by innovation. Researchers are focusing on breakthroughs in sensory feedback and future directions in prosthetic development to enhance user experience and control.

Advancements in Prosthetic Hand Control

The prosthetic hand control has undergone substantial advancements throughout the years. One breakthrough is the development of multi-grip myoelectric prosthetic hand devices.

These devices are equipped with five movable and jointed fingers, allowing for a wide range of grip patterns that closely resemble the natural movement of a human hand, significantly enhancing functionality.

Another significant development is the creation of a new bionic hand that allows precise control over each finger, significantly improving the user’s ability to make precise and varied movements with their prosthetic arm.

Moreover, the adjustable grip force feature offers users the ability to customize the force applied to objects, facilitating precise tasks and enabling them to manipulate a wide range of objects effortlessly.

Breakthroughs in Sensory Feedback

Recent breakthroughs in sensory feedback for myoelectric prostheses have been remarkable.

Researchers have developed a hybrid multi-modal sensory feedback system that provides non-invasive sensory feedback through:

• Haptic feedback – provides information about object slip, and grip force and aperture. This information can assist you in controlling the force they utilize and increasing their grip success rate.
• Proprioceptive feedback – helps you control the prosthetic device without relying just on vision.
• Thermal feedback – helps you detect the temperature of things and shield the prosthesis from thermal injury.
• Vibrotactile feedback – enhances your sense of touch.

This system has been shown to improve the performance of prosthetic hands over both short-term and extended use.

Sensory feedback contributes to improving the user experience in myoelectric prostheses by:

• Facilitating easier use
• Improving body image
• Enhancing social interaction
• Increasing willingness to wear and use the prosthesis
• Aiding in the performance of grasping tasks

How to Prepare for a Myoelectric Prosthesis

Preparing for a myoelectric prosthesis involves understanding your needs and working closely with a prosthetist. This ensures the prosthesis is customized to your goals and lifestyle.

Here's a step-by-step guide to help you prepare for your new myoelectric prosthesis:

1. Assessment of Muscle Sites: A prosthetist will assess your residual limb to locate two muscle groups sensors can read. This step ensures the prosthesis can effectively interpret your muscle signals for smooth and precise movement.
2. Practice with Muscle Activation: Once the muscle sites are identified, you can start moving a bionic hand just by activating those muscles. This helps you get comfortable with the control process.
3. Discuss Your Goals and Challenges: Have open conversations with your prosthetist about your daily activities, goals, and challenges. Sharing this information ensures the prosthetic system is tailored to your unique needs.
4. Explore Prosthetic Options: Learn about different myoelectric systems to understand their features and advocate for your preferences.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between mechanical and myoelectric prostheses?

The main difference between mechanical and myoelectric prostheses is in how they are operated. Mechanical prostheses use cables and a body harness, while myoelectric prostheses use electrical motors and skin surface electrodes.

How much does a myoelectric hand prosthesis cost?

A myoelectric hand prosthesis can cost anywhere from $15,000 to $100,000, making it a significant investment. Repairs typically require expensive proprietary components and professional assistance.

What is the science behind myoelectric prostheses?

Myoelectric prostheses work by using the electrical signals from your muscles to control the prosthesis movements through electromyographic (EMG) signals. These signals are captured by electrodes placed on the skin or inserted in the remaining limb.

How has prosthetic hand control evolved?

The prosthetic hand control has evolved significantly over the years, with advancements such as multi-grip functions, individual finger mobility, and adjustable grip force greatly improving the user experience.